An academic essay or thesis should follow a certain structure and include some key components. The requirements on structure and content may vary depending on your discipline, so please make sure you follow the instructions given by your teacher. When you write an academic text, bear in mind that the text should be well organised in a way that is easy for the reader to understand. To help make the structure of a text coherent, the disposition of the essay can be indicated in the introduction. Generally, essays are required to be preceded by an abstract. Essays also often contain a table of contents, an introduction, previous research, methods and materials, results, a discussion/analysis and a list of references. 

When you write an essay, you should only include what is actually relevant to the subject of your thesis. Follow a process of reasoning to motivate why, for example, a certain piece of previous research is important to your study, why you have chosen that particular method or why you think the results of your study contradict those of another researcher. It is often a good idea to use examples to support your arguments, such as quotes from interviews (if you have interviewed someone for your study) or quotes from a primary source (for example, a novel, if you are writing a literary analysis). Other methods of illustrating and presenting your results include the use of tables, graphs and diagrams.

Avoid using informal everyday language, such as slang or contractions (such as won't, we'll, it's); instead try to use more precise academic language. When your text is finished, make sure to proofread (carefully examine your text) it, to find any spelling mistakes or sentences that could be phrased in a better way. All computers at the HT Libraries are equipped with the spell check programs Stava Rex (for Swedish text) and Spell Right (for English text). You can also download the programs to your own computer via the student pages on Lund University's website.

There are many useful online resources if you need help during your writing process:

• AWELU – a platform for writing in English at Lund University, created by teachers in English at SOL together with staff from the IT team at the HT faculties.
• Writingguide.se – a guide answering questions about your writing process and how to manage sources and references. The page has been developed by the following universities and libraries: Blekinge Institute of Technology, Kristianstad University, Linnaeus University and Umeå University.
• The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University – a platform for writing in English with much information about different referencing styles
• The Academic Phrasebank – a collection of phrases commonly used in academic texts compiled by the University of Manchester.

You can also get help on campus:

• The Academic Support Center offers both help during your reading and writing process and help for you who find it difficult to speak in front of groups.
• If you need help with referencing or finding literature you can always book a librarian.

Previous master theses and student papers from Lund University can be found at LUP Student Papers.

When your thesis or paper is finished, you can make it available via LUP Student Papers. You can read more about how to upload your paper on our page about publishing student papers.